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1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1A . GENDER EQUALITY AND CITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 1B . HOW TO USE THIS REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 1C . GENDER AS A CROSS-CUTTING ISSUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 1D . MAP OF CASE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 1E . GENDER EQUALITY MYTH BUSTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

2. REPRESENTATION AND PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2A . LOCAL GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2B . PUBLIC PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

3. GOVERNANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3A . GENDER MAINSTREAMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 3B . GENDER BUDGETING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 3C . GENDER-RESPONSIVE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 3D . DATA AND MONITORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 3E . COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 3F . DIGITALISATION AND SMART CITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 3G . MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

4. ECONOMIC EQUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4A . EQUAL PAY AND GENDER PAY GAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 4B . LABOUR MARKET PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 4C . LABOUR MARKET SEGREGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 4D . ENTREPRENEURSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 4E . CARE WORK AND TIME MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 4F . TRAINING AND EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

5. PUBLIC SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5A . HOUSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 5B . DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AWARENESS, SUPPORT AND PREVENTION . .51 5C . HEALTH CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 5D . CHILD CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 5E . EMERGENCY AND DISASTER RESPONSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

6. PLANNING AND PUBLIC SPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6A . URBAN PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 6B . PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 6C . SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 6D . TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 6E . PUBLIC ART AND REPRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 6F . CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

7. EQUITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 7A . RACE AND ETHNIC ORIGIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 7B . MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 7C . DISABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 7D . AGEING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 7E . LGBTQI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 FURTHER READING ABOUT GENDER EQUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

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